National memory. National amnesia. When Pierre Nora and Paul Connerton begin to define the mechanisms of creating a nation, specifically the creation of a national memory, they both suggest that the creation of a national memory is obtained through the act of forced forgetfulness. To form an identity of self, the nation must first define itself by making an effort to rid itself of that which it is not. By first defining that which we are not, and then expelling or reshaping the elements that are within this area of not, a nation is able to give itself boundaries and citizenship by way of exclusion. In forgetting that which it does not want to be or that which it was before becoming a nation is giving its citizens a sense of belonging to a group, an ownership of sorts.
This idea of the collective amnesia is one of the most disturbing concepts I think man actually lets himself verbalize. The history and memory we keep are mechanisms that teach us lessons from out mistakes and keep us from returning to them. They also give us a point from which to measure our growth and progress as a nation and society. When you purposely set out to forget it is not just about making a new thing it is about destroying the old. Connerton references this exact thing when he talks about the trial and execution of Luis XVI. I understand the power of the act, as Connerton outlines it. The casting off of the old regime and the disassembling of it so that it can never again rise up, but what makes this moment of forgetting so scary to me is the ability for history to become contrived.
In an effort to keep out lives growing and progressing it is occasionally necessary to look back and see where it was that we started (true in both an individual sense and in a national sense). If we have given in to the thought of a constructed memory, we see only the construct, and not the path we walked. In fact this construct is the true sense of my foreboding. The construct begins to define us or dictate our future movement. If the construct is true, there is hope to learn from it and move beyond where we are (in effect evolving). Conversely though it seems that if the construct of our history or our memory is made up, I have to ask who is making it up. The very concept of a national memory or a forced forgetting smacks of Orwellian dystopic nightmares.
As George Orwell stated in his book 1984, people use history to gauge their present state and to decide where to move as they head into the future. The voice that dictates the past (read: memory and history) of the nation, controls the future of that very nation. Being a cynic I don’t think that humans are very able to deal with that much power, which they can lord over their fellow man, and are more likely in situations of power to resort to malignant ways rather than altruistic means.
When reading over this precedent paranoia I find that this is my gut reaction to the idea of forgetting. I can read the essays from class and understand very clearly what the authors sees as the means of national memory. I can understand the way that both authors contrast homogenous models of national memory with more diverse models. Looking at historical example I can very easily agree that sometimes it is easiest to just put an event or a time-period out of mind, or to rewrite it in our memory to have a more positive spin. I think that it is natural to want to avoid guilt (as in the case of Germany after World War II) or to want to diffuse the power of the past by physically altering something that held power (as with the Confederate States of America and ongoing argument over “the stars and bars”). Though even in this understanding of the human condition in its place in History and use of Memory, I find the idea of rewriting history or memory abominable.
Evolution or god or nature or something has given us the ability to remember. This tool in most cases is not just to keep a chronological order of events. Memory (and history) helps us create insight and connection through time and space between events. We are able to associate and build the past as a foundation.
I know that this is rambling and not focusing on the task of understanding national memory. I cannot find in national memory a subject that is easy to examine. I get hung up on the implied secondary issues. Beyond my obsession with collective amnesia I do see that national memory and its application is very much a part of one of the conversations raised a few weeks ago in class. We talked a little about memorials. Specifically raised were questions about whether memorials work. At the time I think were still heavily referencing Calvino and his Marco Polo character. The discussion led to what a memorial means and what it does. The discussion rounded to the idea that a memorial framed an event and lessened it, by limiting the scope that the memory behind the memorial. This led to a discussion of memorials in modern day America.
This is a problem that sits on us even now. In New York they are arguing and hosting never ending panel discussion after panel discussion to decide what if anything the memorial of the World Trade Center should be. (I promised myself that I would talk about September 11th). This contrasts with the seemingly very authoritarian stance of the founding fathers of this nation, or of any other. Our founders simply sat down with a vision and drew up a master plan for events or places that they felt would begin to define our country. The same sentiment can be seen in the formation of the Italian states into Italy, as we know it. The voice of authority or totalitarian control is able to decide on monument and memorial very easily. It seems though when you introduce a population of diversity and alternative views, the focused movement towards a single statement of who and what we are becomes nigh on impossible.